Nile Valley of Ancient Egypt ~ Egyptian civilization developed along the banks of the river Nile. The Nile Valley stands in sharp contrast to the arid deserts of Africa. Its long, narrow flood plain was a magnet for life, attracting people, animals and plants to its banks, and providing ideal conditions for the development of stable communities. Evidence suggests that the region was inhabited as far back as 700,000 years ago by Neolithic and Paleolithic Man.